LS(1) User Commands LS(1) NNAAMMEE ls - list directory contents SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS llss [_O_P_T_I_O_N]... [_F_I_L_E]... DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of --ccffttuuSSUUXX nor ----ssoorrtt. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. --aa, ----aallll do not hide entries starting with . --AA, ----aallmmoosstt--aallll do not list implied . and .. ----aauutthhoorr print the author of each file --bb, ----eessccaappee print octal escapes for nongraphic characters ----bblloocckk--ssiizzee=_S_I_Z_E use SIZE-byte blocks --BB, ----iiggnnoorree--bbaacckkuuppss do not list implied entries ending with ~ --cc with --lltt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information) with --ll: show ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime --CC list entries by columns ----ccoolloorr[=_W_H_E_N] control whether color is used to distinguish file types. WHEN may be `never', `always', or `auto' --dd, ----ddiirreeccttoorryy list directory entries instead of contents, and do not derefer- ence symbolic links --DD, ----ddiirreedd generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode --ff do not sort, enable --aaUU, disable --llsstt --FF, ----ccllaassssiiffyy append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries ----ffoorrmmaatt=_W_O_R_D across --xx, commas --mm, horizontal --xx, long --ll, single-column --11, verbose --ll, vertical --CC ----ffuullll--ttiimmee like --ll ----ttiimmee--ssttyyllee=_f_u_l_l_-_i_s_o --gg like --ll, but do not list owner --GG, ----nnoo--ggrroouupp inhibit display of group information --hh, ----hhuummaann--rreeaaddaabbllee print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G) ----ssii likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024 --HH, ----ddeerreeffeerreennccee--ccoommmmaanndd--lliinnee follow symbolic links listed on the command line ----ddeerreeffeerreennccee--ccoommmmaanndd--lliinnee--ssyymmlliinnkk--ttoo--ddiirr follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory ----iinnddiiccaattoorr--ssttyyllee=_W_O_R_D append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p) --ii, ----iinnooddee print index number of each file --II, ----iiggnnoorree=_P_A_T_T_E_R_N do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN --kk like ----bblloocckk--ssiizzee=_1_K --ll use a long listing format --LL, ----ddeerreeffeerreennccee when showing file information for a symbolic link, show informa- tion for the file the link references rather than for the link itself --mm fill width with a comma separated list of entries --nn, ----nnuummeerriicc--uuiidd--ggiidd like --ll, but list numeric UIDs and GIDs --NN, ----lliitteerraall print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters spe- cially) --oo like --ll, but do not list group information --pp, ----ffiillee--ttyyppee append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries --qq, ----hhiiddee--ccoonnttrrooll--cchhaarrss print ? instead of non graphic characters ----sshhooww--ccoonnttrrooll--cchhaarrss show non graphic characters as-is (default unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal) --QQ, ----qquuoottee--nnaammee enclose entry names in double quotes ----qquuoottiinngg--ssttyyllee=_W_O_R_D use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape --rr, ----rreevveerrssee reverse order while sorting --RR, ----rreeccuurrssiivvee list subdirectories recursively --ss, ----ssiizzee print size of each file, in blocks --SS sort by file size ----ssoorrtt=_W_O_R_D extension --XX, none --UU, size --SS, time --tt, version --vv status --cc, time --tt, atime --uu, access --uu, use --uu ----ttiimmee=_W_O_R_D show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status; use specified time as sort key if ----ssoorrtt=_t_i_m_e ----ttiimmee--ssttyyllee=_S_T_Y_L_E show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale --tt sort by modification time --TT, ----ttaabbssiizzee=_C_O_L_S assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8 --uu with --lltt: sort by, and show, access time with --ll: show access time and sort by name otherwise: sort by access time --UU do not sort; list entries in directory order --vv sort by version --ww, ----wwiiddtthh=_C_O_L_S assume screen width instead of current value --xx list entries by lines instead of by columns --XX sort alphabetically by entry extension --11 list one file per line ----hheellpp display this help and exit ----vveerrssiioonn output version information and exit SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of fol- lowing: kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y. By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files. That is equivalent to using ----ccoolloorr=_n_o_n_e. Using the ----ccoolloorr option without the optional WHEN argument is equivalent to using ----ccoolloorr=_a_l_w_a_y_s. With ----ccoolloorr=_a_u_t_o, color codes are output only if standard output is con- nected to a terminal (tty). AAUUTTHHOORR Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie. RREEPPOORRTTIINNGG BBUUGGSS Report bugs to . CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT Copyright © 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. SSEEEE AALLSSOO The full documentation for llss is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the iinnffoo and llss programs are properly installed at your site, the com- mand iinnffoo ccoorreeuuttiillss llss should give you access to the complete manual. ls (coreutils) 5.2.1 July 2004 LS(1)